This course examines various forms of inequality arising from the increasing global flows of capital, goods, and people across national boundaries. While globalization has a great potential to increase opportunities and economic mobility, it has resulted in uneven distribution of social and economic benefits within and among nations. The World Bank commended the progress made by the international community under the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): “The number of people living in extreme poverty around the world is likely to fall to under 10 percent of the global population in 2015.” Since 2000, about 1 billion people have risen out of extreme poverty. The World Bank, however, evaluates that the global poverty remains unacceptably high and geographically concentrated with Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 43 percent and South Asia a third of global poverty. Furthermore, global poverty is also concentrated in natural resource-based economies where the share of the natural resource-based exports such as coffee, wood, copper and petroleum products is 30 percent or higher in 2011. About 37 percent of the global poor live in natural resource-based countries.